Symbolism plays a crucial role in Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale," enriching the narrative by adding layers of meaning and depth. Through various symbols, Atwood explores themes of oppression, resistance, identity, and the power dynamics within Gilead. Let's delve into the symbolism in the novel.
- The Red Robes and White Wings: The red robes and white wings worn by the Handmaids symbolize their subservience and objectification. The red color represents fertility, highlighting their role as reproductive vessels in Gilead's patriarchal society. The white wings, reminiscent of birds, emphasize their restricted mobility and constant surveillance. This symbolism reinforces the handmaids' loss of agency and their reduced status to mere vessels for procreation.
- The Eyes: The Eyes, represented by the Guardian uniforms and their emblematic eyes, symbolize the surveillance and control within Gilead. They are the secret police, monitoring and reporting any acts of dissent or rebellion. The symbol of the eye is prevalent throughout the novel, signifying the constant presence of authority and the fear instilled in the characters. It represents the lack of privacy and the oppressive nature of the regime.
- The Ceremony: The Ceremony, a ritualistic sexual act performed by the Commanders and the Handmaids, symbolizes the manipulation of power and the dehumanization of the women. It reflects the objectification and control exerted over the Handmaids, reducing them to vessels for reproduction. The Ceremony emphasizes the themes of sexuality, control, and the exploitation of women within the patriarchal society of Gilead.
- The Wall: The Wall serves as a powerful symbol of punishment and control in Gilead. It is where the bodies of executed individuals are displayed as a warning to others. The Wall represents the regime's ability to enforce obedience through fear and violence. It serves as a constant reminder of the consequences faced by those who challenge the system, instilling a sense of terror and compliance among the population.
- Names: The symbolic significance of names in "The Handmaid's Tale" reflects the loss of identity and individuality. The handmaids are stripped of their birth names and given new names, such as Offred and Ofglen, which identify them solely by their relationship to their assigned Commander. This symbolism reinforces their erasure as individuals and their reduction to their reproductive function. The loss of names represents the suppression of personal identity and the imposition of a collective, dehumanizing identity.
One notable example of symbolism in the novel is Offred's forbidden relationship with Nick. Their secret meetings in the Commander's household's attic symbolize a hidden sanctuary and a place of intimacy away from the prying eyes of Gilead. The attic becomes a symbol of rebellion, love, and freedom within a repressive society.
In conclusion, symbolism in "The Handmaid's Tale" adds depth and enhances the exploration of themes and characters. Through symbols such as the red robes, white wings, the Eyes, the Ceremony, the Wall, and the manipulation of names, Atwood crafts a richly layered narrative that examines power dynamics, oppression, and resistance. These symbols amplify the themes of control, identity, and the resilience of the human spirit, leaving a lasting impact on readers and highlighting the enduring relevance of the novel.
