Fuzzy arithmetic: Kenya’s 42+ ethnic groups

For many Kenyans, being part of an ethnic group is an important mark of their identity. It symbolizes belonging, and access to resources. The question of which ethnic groups belong in Kenya is another part of this salient debate.

Ethnicity is often used as a means of mobilizing for state resources especially around elections. The question of which ethnic groups belong in Kenya therefore elicits sensitive emotions as some groups have in the past been denied citizenship on the basis of their ethnicity. Moreover, when the question of how many tribes are in Kenya is posed, the number ranges depending on who answers this question. 42, 43, 44+ are figures often thrown around. It is however important to note that there is no official list of these ethnic groups, despite the recognition of ethnicity in the constitution for cultural identity, regional balance in state appointments, and fair distribution of state resources to avoid marginalization.

Dr. Samantha Balaton-Chrimes, who is our guest for this episode of the Kenyanist, has researched the issue of ethnicity and identity politics. She shared with us her thoughts on why she thinks ethnicity has been politicized in Kenya. We also interrogate the impact of ethnic recognition by the state and why ethnicity is often weaponized by those in power. You can read more of Sam’s work on this topic by following this link https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531055.2020.1863642